The Convention of 1800: Known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine:
The Convention of 1800, signed on September 30, 1800, marked an important moment in Franco-American relations. Let’s get into the background, negotiations, terms, and aftermath of this significant treaty.
Casey Adams
5/30/20241 min read


Background
Treaty of Alliance: During the American Revolutionary War, the United States agreed to defend French interests in the Caribbean in return for French support. However, the treaty had no termination date, leading to ongoing obligations.
Neutrality Act of 1794: The U.S. unilaterally canceled the military obligations of the 1778 Treaty of Alliance, arguing that the execution of King Louis XVI voided existing agreements.
Jay Treaty (1794): This treaty with Britain contradicted the 1778 Treaty of Amity and Commerce, causing tension between the U.S. and France.
XYZ Affair (1797): Diplomatic efforts to resolve disputes failed, worsening the situation.
Negotiations and Terms
Signing: The Convention of 1800 was signed by representatives from both the United States and France.
Name Discrepancy: The difference in name (Convention of 1800 vs. Treaty of Mortefontaine) arose due to Congressional sensitivity about entering into treaties.
Key Provisions:
Termination: The Convention terminated the 1778 treaties of Alliance and Commerce between France and the U.S.
Free Trade: It confirmed the principle of “free trade, free goods” between the two countries.
Quasi-War: The treaty ended the undeclared naval war (1798–1800) primarily fought in the Caribbean.
Compensation Issue: However, it failed to address compensation demands by American ship owners for losses suffered during the Quasi-War.
Aftermath
Congress Approval: The Convention was not approved by Congress until December 1801.
Re-establishing Relations: By removing areas of friction, the treaty re-established Franco-American relations.
Louisiana Purchase (1803): Ultimately, it facilitated the historic Louisiana Purchase.

