Israel Putnam: The Legendary “Old Put” of the American Revolution

Early Life and Farming in Connecticut

Israel Putnam grew up in a rural setting, learning the values of hard work and self-reliance.

In 1740, he married Hannah Pope and moved to Pomfret, Connecticut, where he purchased a farm.

His agricultural endeavors were successful, but his reputation grew as a farmer and a man of courage and determination.

One of the most famous stories from his early life is the tale of his killing a wolf that had been terrorizing local livestock.

According to legend, Putnam tracked the wolf to its den and crawled inside with a torch and musket, emerging victorious with the animal.

This act of bravery became a hallmark of his character.

Service in the French and Indian War

In 1755, at the onset of the French and Indian War, Putnam joined the Connecticut militia and quickly rose through the ranks due to his leadership and fearlessness.

He became a captain in Rogers’ Rangers, an elite colonial unit specializing in unconventional warfare. During his service, Putnam participated in numerous raids, reconnaissance missions, and skirmishes.

In a harrowing episode in 1758, Putnam was captured by Mohawk warriors allied with the French.

They prepared to execute him by ritual burning, but he was saved at the last moment by the intervention of a French officer, Captain Molang.

This dramatic rescue further cemented his reputation as a man of remarkable fortitude and good fortune.

The American Revolutionary War

Israel Putnam immediately offered his services when the American colonies began their struggle for independence.

In 1775, he was appointed a major general in the Continental Army.

One of his most famous moments came during the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775), where he played a critical role in organizing and inspiring the American forces.

Although the British ultimately took the hill, the heavy losses they sustained proved a moral victory for the Patriots.

Putnam’s command during the battle—particularly his order to conserve ammunition with the famous directive, “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes” (attributed to him or others)—became legendary.

His courage under fire and ability to rally troops exemplified his value as a leader.

Challenges and Later Service

Despite his early successes, Putnam faced criticism later in the war due to his lack of formal military training.

He struggled with the complexities of larger campaigns and the political infighting that plagued the Continental Army.

In 1779, a stroke ended his military career, forcing him to retire to his farm in Connecticut.

Folk Hero and Legacy

Israel Putnam’s larger-than-life persona was solidified by the numerous folk tales that circulated about his exploits.

Stories of his daring adventures, such as escaping British dragoons by riding down a steep cliff, became staples of American lore.

While sometimes embellished, these accounts reflected the admiration and respect he commanded among his contemporaries.

Putnam’s legacy is commemorated in various ways. Monuments, towns, and schools bearing his name can be found across New England, a testament to his enduring place in American history.

He represents the archetype of the brave and unyielding Patriot who, despite his flaws, contributed significantly to the cause of independence.

Conclusion

Israel Putnam’s life encapsulates the spirit of early America—bold, resilient, and unafraid to confront adversity.

From his exploits in the wilderness during the French and Indian War to his leadership at Bunker Hill, “Old Put” remains an enduring symbol of courage and determination.

His story serves as a reminder of the individual and collective efforts that shaped the United States during its fight for independence.

Israel Putnam